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Govinda Rao, M.
- Pulpwood-based Industrial Agroforestry in Tamil Nadu - a Case Study
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Source
Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 155-163Abstract
Industrial plantations have been recognized as an integrated part of Indian forestry in the recent past to meet the growing needs of industries, besides satisfying domestic demands. The forest as well as agricultural policies of the country have recommended strong farmerlinked industrial wood plantation through benefit-sharing mechanism. Against this backdrop, the pulp and paper industries in the State of Tamil Nadu have promoted agro- and farmforestry-based industrial wood plantations through technological support from Forest College and Research Institute, TNAU, Mettupalayam (T.N.). This paper describes the successful establishment of Eucalyptus and Casuarinas based pulpwood plantations in the state. During 2004-05 to 2006-07, 19,349 acres have been covered in which 91% of the plantations were established in farmlands through people's participation.Keywords
Industrial Agroforestry, Pulpwood, Tamil Nadu
- Contract Tree Farming in Tamil Nadu - a Successful Industrial Farm Forestry Model
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Source
Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 187-197Abstract
The State of Tamil Nadu is housed with 39 paper mills of which two mills viz., Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd, Karur and Seshasayee Paper Board, Erode are the wood based paper industries. These two industries utilize around 4 lakh tonnes of woody biomass, which are mostly derived from Casuarina and Eucalyptus plantations of Tamil Nadu Forest Plantation Corporation and partly from farm lands. But recently, both the mills have expanded their paper production, which requires nearly 8-10 lakhs tonnes of wood pulp against the current availability of nearly 3.5 -4.0 lakh tonnes. This ushered in a large gap between the demand and supply, thus necessitates alternate sources for raw material. To meet the growing demands and also to promote pulp wood plantations as per the guidelines of 1988 forest policy, both the industries have initiated farm and agroforestry plantations through contract farming system by adopting tri and quad-partite models. In this system, Casuarina and Eucalyptus have been promoted as pulp wood plantations. The contract farming facilitates supply of quality planting materials to the farmers at subsidized prices coupled with assurance of minimum support price and credit facilities through financial institutions. This paper discusses the success of contract farming along with the area covered under various districts of the state.Keywords
Contract Farming, Farm Forestry/Agroforestry Plantations, Casuarina, Eucalyptus, Paper Industry- Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies in Simarouba glauca DC.
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Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 322-330Abstract
Correlation and path coefficient studies were carried out in 15 seed sources of Simarouba glauca DC. collected from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Orissa. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic correlation coefficient in all the cases. Height and basal diameter had positive and highly significant correlation with volume index at both phenotypic and genotypic levels, in all the three locations viz. Mettupalayam, Tindivanam and Coimbatore. Height exhibited positive and highly significant inter correlation with basal diameter at both levels in all three locations. Path analysis revealed that height and basal diameter exhibited positive direct effect, while number of branches showed negative direct effect on volume index in all the three locations except at Mettupalayam. Height and basal diameter could serve as reliable selection index.Keywords
Biometric Traits, Genotypic Correlation Coefficient, Path Analysis, Phenotypic Correlation Coefficient and Simarouba glauca- Albinism in Bixa orellana (L.)
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Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 397-399Abstract
No abstract- Influence of Seed Fortification Treatment with Inorganic Nutrients and Growth Regulators on Seed and Seedling Quality Characteristics in Bamboo (Bambusa bambosa)
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Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 8 (2010), Pagination: 1006-1012Abstract
The best graded seeds (big and medium sized) were fortified with inorganic nutrients viz., Na2HPO4, K2HPO4, KCI, KNO3, CuSo4, K2So4, ZnSo4 and with water soaking in two different concentration viz., one and two percent, respectively for 24 hours. Among the nutrients, seeds fortified with 1% KNO3 recorded the maximum germination percentage (82%) and vigour index (1092) than control which recorded 53% germination and 345 vigour index respectively. Significantly the highest nursery establishment after 21 days enhanced the germination by 42%. Similarly the same seeds subjected to seed fortification with growth regulators like IBA, BA and GA3 and kinetin with 100 and 200 ppm concentration for 24 hours enhanced the germination and seedling emergence. Seed fortified with 100 ppm GA3 recorded 34 % increases in germination than the control at laboratory. Similarly the nursery establishment of seedlings after 21 days recorded maximum germination of 79% with the vigour index of 3771 than the control with 34 % germination and and vigour index, respectively.Keywords
Seed Size, Fortification, Inorganic Nutrients, Growth Regulators, Invigoration, Germination, Vigour Index, Nursery Establishment- Uneven Growth of Government Expenditure in India:An Analysis of the Trends between 1974-75 and 1990-91
Authors
1 National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi, IN
Source
Journal of Indian School of Political Economy, Vol 7, No 2 (1995), Pagination: 256-276Abstract
Government expenditures in India during the period under study (1975-91) in per capita terms show three distinct phases of growth-fluctuations around a rising trend (1975-82), fiscal expansion (1982-87) and fiscal restraint (1987-91). Growth rates of expenditures during the first and the third phases were nearly the same but much lower than that of the second. During the entire period, in particular after 1980-81, expenditure growth was higher than that of revenue receipts. Within total expenditure, revenue expenditure grew at rates higher than that of capital expenditure; per capita capital expenditure grew very little in the earlier part of the period under study. In the subsequent phases, it stagnated and declined in real terms.
Growth of revenue expenditure was particularly sharp in the case of interest payments, subsidies, wages and salaries while those on maintenance of capital assets lagged behind. Interest payments have risen at all levels of governments, both due to increasing indebtedness and rising average effective rate of interest on government loans. The rise in wages and salaries (due to both increase in employment and rising per employee salaries) and subsidies could perhaps be attributed to effective lobbying by concerned interest groups.
Considering the functional classification, expenditure on social services have risen fast, but due to the rising unit cost of supply (mainly rising wages and salaries), actual provision of these services may not have improved much. Economic services have suffered due to reduced capital expenditure which constituted more than 60 per cent of total expenditure on these services in 1974-75, but only about 33 per cent in 1990-91.
A notable feature of the growth of government expenditure in India has been the relatively high growth of expenditure on heads which could be related to interest group activities. The analysis throws up possibilities of interest group influence on government expenditure determination, even during period of low overall growth.